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Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula Na O Cl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach. [4] It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, consisting of sodium cations (Na +) and hypochlorite anions (− OCl, also written as OCl − and ClO −
The active agent in liquid bleach is sodium hypochlorite, which gives the product a light greenish yellow tinge and its characteristic chlorine smell. [6]Formulations for household use usually contain 8% or less of sodium hypochlorite by weight, although more concentrated solutions of up to 50% are available for industrial use. [7]
With the formula 4Na 3 PO 4 ·NaOCl·44H 2 O the material called chlorinated trisodium phosphate is used as a disinfectant and bleach, like sodium hypochlorite. It is prepared using NaOCl in place of some of the base to neutralize phosphoric acid. [7]
This reaction yields insoluble solid sulfur. Usually the chlorine used is in the form of sodium hypochlorite. [55] Aeration For concentrations of hydrogen sulfide less than 2 mg/L aeration is an ideal treatment process. Oxygen is added to water and a reaction between oxygen and hydrogen sulfide react to produce odorless sulfate. [56]
A common practice is to treat ethidium bromide with sodium hypochlorite (bleach) before disposal. [25] According to Lunn and Sansone, chemical degradation using bleach yields compounds which are mutagenic by the Ames test. Data are lacking on the mutagenic effects of degradation products.
Potassium hypochlorite is produced by the disproportionation reaction of chlorine with a solution of potassium hydroxide: [2]. Cl 2 + 2 KOH → KCl + KOCl + H 2 O. This is the traditional method, first used by Claude Louis Berthollet in 1789.
In 2008, a study of common cleaning products found the presence of carbon tetrachloride in "very high concentrations" (up to 101 mg/m 3) as a result of manufacturers' mixing of surfactants or soap with sodium hypochlorite (bleach). [36] Carbon tetrachloride is also both ozone-depleting [37] and a greenhouse gas. [38]
[7] Mixing Sani-Flush (an acid) with a chlorine bleach (hypochlorite) like Drāno or Liquid-Plumr can be deadly as it releases the poisonous gas chlorine. [8] On April 8, 1964 a Winn-Dixie food store in St. Petersburg, Florida was evacuated and eleven people hospitalized when a combination of these two incompatible products was used to clean a ...