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New York becomes the eleventh state to ratify the Constitution (30–27). [38] [39] In addition to ratifying the constitution, New York issues a circular letter requesting that 33 alterations be made to it, and also that the new United States Congress take positive action on all amendments demanded by other state ratifying conventions. [59]
New Jersey ratified on December 19, 1787, and Georgia on January 2, 1788, both unanimously. The requirement of ratification by nine states, set by Article Seven of the Constitution, was met when New Hampshire voted to ratify, on June 21, 1788. In New York, fully two thirds of the convention delegates were at first opposed to the Constitution.
The U.S. Constitution was a federal one and was greatly influenced by the study of Magna Carta and other federations, both ancient and extant. The Due Process Clause of the Constitution was partly based on common law and on Magna Carta (1215), which had become a foundation of English liberty against arbitrary power wielded by a ruler.
States that rights not enumerated in the Constitution are retained by the people. September 25, 1789 December 15, 1791 2 years, 81 days 10th [21] States that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated, or enumerated, to it through the Constitution, and that all other powers are reserved to the states, or to the people.
Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1: New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
The first actions of the new government did not immediately take place following the Constitution's adoption, as not enough members of Congress had arrived to form a quorum. [10] The electoral votes for president and vice president were counted on April 6, 1789, and George Washington was inaugurated the first president on April 30. [ 11 ]
The first article of the new constitution established a name for the new federation – the United States of America. [ 5 ] The first draft of the Articles of Confederation, written by John Dickinson , was presented to Congress on July 12, 1776, but Congress did not send the proposed constitution to the states until November 1777.
The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia from May 25 to September 17, 1787. [1] Although the convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation, [2] the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York, was to create a new ...