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The reduction of blowdown by dealkalization keeps the water treatment chemicals in the boiler longer, thus minimizing the amount of chemicals required for efficient, noncorrosive operation. [2] Carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinities are decomposed by heat in boiler water releasing carbon dioxide into the steam.
Sulfate reduction coupled to ammonium oxidation, or sulfammox, is a novel multi-step microbial process especially pertinent to industrial wastewater treatment. Microbial species associated with sulfammox include but are not limited to Anammoxoglobus sulfate, Bacillus benzoevorans, Candidatus_ Anammoxoglobus, Bacillus cereus SUD-1.
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids. The removal is achieved by dissolving air in the water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank basin. The released air forms ...
Before the water enters the clarifier, coagulation and flocculation reagents, such as polyelectrolytes and ferric sulfate, [4] can be added. These reagents cause finely suspended particles to clump together and form larger and denser particles, called flocs, that settle more quickly and stably.
Most lower pressure systems (lower than 650 psi (4,500 kPa)) use non-volatile treatment programs. The most commonly used oxygen scavenger for lower pressure systems is sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3). It is very effective and rapidly reacts with traces of oxygen to form sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) which is non-scaling. Most higher pressure systems ...
Alum treatment begins with the addition of aluminum sulfate salt to a water body. Once added, the salt dissolves and dissociates, introducing Al(III) ions to the water. The aluminum ions participate in a series of hydrolysis reactions, forming different aluminum species across pH ranges. As more aluminum sulfate is added, water pH decreases.
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