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A hand axe (or handaxe or Acheulean hand axe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history. [1] It is made from stone, usually flint or chert that has been "reduced" and shaped from a larger piece by knapping , or hitting against another stone.
A cordiform biface as commonly found in the Acheulean (replica) Acheulean hand-axes from Kent.The types shown are (clockwise from top) cordate, ficron, and ovate. [citation needed] Depiction of a Terra Amata hut in Nice, France, as postulated by Henry de Lumley dated to 400 thousand years ago.
Hand axes found by Marston at Swanscombe in the British Museum (not on display) The area was already known for the finds of numerous Palaeolithic-era handaxes—mostly Acheulean and Clactonian artifacts, some as much as 400,000 years old—when in 1935/1936 work at Barnfield Pit uncovered two fossilised skull fragments.
Stone has been used to make a wide variety of tools throughout history, including arrowheads, spearheads, hand axes, and querns. Knapped stone tools are nearly ubiquitous in pre-metal-using societies because they are easily manufactured, the tool stone raw material is usually plentiful, and they are easy to transport and sharpen.
Video of the extraction of a stone tool from a silex rock. Acheulean handaxes from Kent.The types shown are (clockwise from top) cordate, ficron, and ovate. In the archaeology of the Stone Age, an industry or technocomplex [1] is a typological classification of stone tools.
The Mousterian (or Mode III) is an archaeological industry of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe, and to the earliest anatomically modern humans in North Africa and West Asia. The Mousterian largely defines the latter part of the Middle Paleolithic, the middle of the West Eurasian Old Stone Age.
The Cerutti Mastodon site is a paleontological and possible archeological site in San Diego County, California. In 2017, broken mastodon bones at the site were dated to around 130,700 years ago. The bones were found with cobblestones displaying use-wear and impact marks among the otherwise fine-grain sands.
Modern humans, on the other hand, took advantage of the properties of bone and worked them into specific shapes and tools. A recent discovery of specialized bone tools at two Neanderthal sites in southwestern France brings to light the idea that Neanderthals may have actually taught modern humans how to make specialized bone tools.
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