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Philosophy of psychology also closely monitors contemporary work conducted in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for example questioning whether psychological phenomena can be explained using the methods of neuroscience, evolutionary theory, and computational modeling, respectively.
Donald Thomas Campbell (November 20, 1916 – May 6, 1996) was an American social scientist.He is noted for his work in methodology.He coined the term evolutionary epistemology and developed a selectionist theory of human creativity.
Evolutionary epistemology refers to three distinct topics: (1) the biological evolution of cognitive mechanisms in animals and humans, (2) a theory that knowledge itself evolves by natural selection, and (3) the study of the historical discovery of new abstract entities such as abstract number or abstract value that necessarily precede the individual acquisition and usage of such abstractions.
A prominent question in the philosophy of biology is whether biology can be reduced to lower-level sciences such as chemistry and physics. Materialism is the view that every biological system including organisms consists of nothing except the interactions of molecules; it is opposed to vitalism.
Biology could then be explained in terms of chemistry, and chemistry could then be explained in terms of physical explanation. While reductionism of this sort is a common position among scientists and philosophers, Dupré suggests that such reduction is not possible as the world has an inherently pluralistic structure.
Wundt, who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology, was the first person to call himself a psychologist. [1] He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology". [2] [3] In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research. This marked psychology as an ...
Philosophy of psychology is a relatively young field, because psychology only became a discipline of its own in the late 1800s. In particular, neurophilosophy has just recently become its own field with the works of Paul Churchland and Patricia Churchland. [91] Philosophy of mind, by contrast, has been a well-established discipline since before ...
Karl Popper's (1945) book The Open Society and its Enemies presents an evolutionary approach to political philosophy, [27] as does David Sloan Wilson's (2019) book This View of Life: Completing the Darwinian Revolution. The Handbook of Biology and Politics (2017) [28] examines biopolitics and the intersection of evolutionary biology and ...