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Virilization is a medical term commonly used in three medical and biology of sex contexts: prenatal biological sexual differentiation, the postnatal changes of typical chromosomal male (46, XY) puberty, and excessive androgen effects in typical chromosomal females (46, XX).
Doses of 19-nortestosterones required for virilization are 10 to 20 mg/day, far in excess of those associated with inadvertent contraceptive exposure during pregnancy. [1] Genital ambiguity due to progestin exposure in pregnancy is thus mostly a topic of historical concern. [1] [6]
Clinical Practice Guideline advise that clinicians continue to regard prenatal therapy as experimental. [4] Because the period during which fetal genitalia may become virilized begins about 6 weeks after conception, prenatal treatment to avoid virilization must be started by 6 to 7 weeks. [4]
Excessive facial hair, virilization, and/or menstrual irregularity in adolescence; Infertility due to anovulation; Shallow vagina [19] Due to insufficient androgens and estrogens: [citation needed] Undervirilization in XY males can result in an apparent vulva. Ambiguous genitalia in XY males with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency .
Aromatase deficiency – a disorder which, in females, is characterized by androgen excess and estrogen deficiency, and can result in inappropriate virilization, though without pseudohermaphroditism (i.e., genitals are phenotypically appropriate) (with the exception of the possible incidence of clitoromegaly). Aromatase deficiency can also be ...
Prenatal hormones may be seen as the primary determinant of adult sexual orientation, or a co-factor. Sex-typed behavior. The hormonal theory of sexuality holds ...
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote. [1] [2] Sex determination is often distinct from sex differentiation; sex determination is the designation for the development stage towards either male or female, while sex differentiation is the pathway towards the development of the phenotype.
Maternal virilization may also occur. Signs of maternal virilization include deepening of the voice, facial hirsutism and scalp hair loss seen during the onset of pregnancy (usually towards the end of the first trimester) followed by regression several months post-partum. [16]