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Building on research by Barbara Fredrickson suggesting that individuals with a higher ratio of positive to negative emotions tend to have more successful life outcomes, [16] and on studies by Marcial Losada applying differential equations from fluid dynamics to human emotions, [citation needed] Fredrickson and Losada proposed as informative a ratio of positive to negative affect derived from ...
Fredrickson's original broaden-and-build theory focused solely how positive emotions broaden one's attention. Later theorists give more weight to the importance of psychological narrowing in addition to broadening when building personal resources.
Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 313–332. Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). The value of positive emotions. American Scientist, 91, 330–335. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.
Elevation exemplifies Barbara Fredrickson's broaden and build theory of positive emotions, [5] which asserts that positive emotions expand an individual's scope of attention and cognition in the moment while also building resources for the future. Elevation makes an individual feel admiration for the altruist and also more motivated to help others.
Ed Diener et al. (1999) suggested this equation: positive emotion – negative emotion = subjective well-being. Since tendency to positive emotion has a correlation of 0.8 with extroversion and tendency towards negative emotion is indistinguishable from neuroticism, the above equation could also be written as extroversion – neuroticism ...
Barbara Fredrickson developed the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. [52] According to Fredrickson there is a wide variety of positive effects that positive emotions and experiences have on human lives. [52] Fredrickson notes two characteristics of positive emotions that differ from negative emotions: [53]
Fredrickson's research also finds that they improve psychological resiliency, emotional well-being, counteract negative emotions, and broaden thought and action capabilities. Therefore, if one can increase the duration of positive emotions via savoring, then theoretically one should be more likely to reap the benefits of these more intense ...
Frederickson argues that with great need comes an unusually wide range of ideas, as well as such positive emotions as happiness and joy, courage, and empowerment, drawn from four different areas of one's self: from a cognitive, psychological, social, or physical perspective. [5]