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A married pair would get one and a half tupus, with one tupu for each male child and half a tupu for each female child. When the children started their own family, the additional tupu was transferred to the family of the son or daughter. The property was used by the families of the ayllu, but they did not own it. The farm was used to supply the ...
Today, Peru has important mineral resources, which are found throughout its mountainous and coastal regions. The country is the world's second-largest producer of silver and copper. [2] From 2016 to 2017, mining output increased, helping Peru attain one of the highest GDP growth rates in Latin America. [3]
The history of Peru spans 15 millennia, [1] extending back through several stages of cultural development along the country's desert coastline and in the Andes mountains. Peru's coast was home to the Norte Chico civilization, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the six cradles of civilization in the world.
Mit'a (Quechua pronunciation: [ˈmɪˌtʼa]) [1] [2] was a system mandatory labor service in the Inca Empire, as well as in Spain's empire in the Americas. [3] Its close relative, the regionally mandatory Minka is still in use in Quechua communities today and known as faena in Spanish.
Bank failures snowballed as desperate bankers called in loans that borrowers did not have time or money to repay. With future profits looking poor, capital investment and construction slowed or completely ceased. In the face of bad loans and worsening future prospects, the surviving banks became even more conservative in their lending. [200]
The history of accounting or accountancy can be traced to ancient civilizations. [1] [2] [3] The early development of accounting dates to ancient Mesopotamia, and is closely related to developments in writing, counting and money [1] [4] [5] and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. [2]
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Reconstruction of one of the pyramids of Aspero. After the first humans — who were then arranged into hunter-gatherer tribal groups — arrived in South America via the Isthmus of Panama, they spread out across the continent, with the earliest evidence for settlement in the Andean region dating to circa 15,000 BCE, in what archaeologists call the Lithic Period.