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An I-beam is any of various structural members with an Ɪ- (serif capital letter 'I') or H-shaped cross-section. Technical terms for similar items include H-beam, I-profile, universal column (UC), w-beam (for "wide flange"), universal beam (UB), rolled steel joist (RSJ), or double-T (especially in Polish, Bulgarian, Spanish, Italian, and German).
In a plate girder bridge, the plate girders are typically I-beams made up from separate structural steel plates (rather than rolled as a single cross-section), which are welded or, in older bridges, bolted or riveted together to form the vertical web and horizontal flanges of the beam. In some cases, the plate girders may be formed in a Z-shape ...
The I-beam, also known as the H-beam [5] or universal beam, is a widely used structural element due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and structural stability. [6] The shape of the I-beam, with its central vertical web and horizontal flanges, provides excellent load-bearing capabilities and resistance to bending and torsion.
A steel Ɪ-beam, in this case used to support timber joists in a house Ɪ-beam (serif capital 'Ɪ'-shaped cross-section – in Britain these include Universal Beams (UB) and Universal Columns (UC); in Europe it includes the IPE, HE, HL, HD and other sections; in the US it includes Wide Flange (WF or W-Shape) and H sections)
A girder (/ ˈ ɡ ɜːr d ər /) is a beam used in construction. [1] It is the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. Girders often have an I-beam cross section composed of two load-bearing flanges separated by a stabilizing web, but may also have a box shape, Z shape, or other forms. Girders are commonly used to ...
HSS, especially rectangular sections, are commonly used in welded steel frames where members experience loading in multiple directions. Square and circular HSS have very efficient shapes for this multiple-axis loading as they have uniform geometry along two or more cross-sectional axes, and thus uniform strength characteristics.
Compared to an Ɪ-beam, the advantage of a box girder is that it better resists torsion. Having multiple vertical webs, it can also carry more load than an Ɪ-beam of equal height (although it will use more material than a taller Ɪ-beam of equivalent capacity). The distinction in naming between a box girder and a tubular girder is imprecise.
The structural channel is not used as much in construction as symmetrical beams, in part because its bending axis is not centered on the width of the flanges. If a load is applied equally across its top, the beam will tend to twist away from the web. This may not be a weak point or problem for a particular design, but is a factor to be ...