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Teething is the process by which an infant's first teeth (the deciduous teeth, often called "baby teeth" or "milk teeth") appear by emerging through the gums, typically arriving in pairs. The mandibular central incisors are the first primary teeth to erupt, usually between 6 and 10 months of age and usually causes discomfort and pain to the infant.
The main distinguishing feature is "shell teeth", a term used to describe the unique appearance of the baby (primary) teeth; the primary teeth have multiple pulp exposures and radiographically appear hollow as the dentine layer is thin (dentine hypotrophy) and the pulp chamber is very large. [2] [3] [4] [14]
The teeth most likely affected are the maxillary anterior teeth, but all teeth can be affected. [95] The name for this type of caries comes from the fact that the decay usually is a result of allowing children to fall asleep with sweetened liquids in their bottles or feeding children sweetened liquids multiple times during the day. [96]
Non-eruption of non-ankylosed teeth occurs due to an eruption mechanism that has failed leading to a posterior unilateral/bilateral open bite. [28] Infra occlusion is the primary hallmark of PFE. Primary teeth are most commonly affected and normally all teeth distal to the most mesially affected tooth will show characteristics of this disease.
High-risk children typically need more intensive treatment. This may include early restorative work to repair and address any existing decay to prevent further deterioration of the teeth. Since ECC affects children under the age of 5 years, dental treatments under general anesthesia may be necessary in select cases. [14]
The child's supervising adults may need reassurance that it is only an extrinsic stain on a child's newly erupted teeth. [ 29 ] Patients with osteopetrosis display enamel abnormalities, suggesting that the a3 gene mutation found in V-ATPases also plays a role in the development of hypomineralized and hypoplastic enamel.
Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children. This association has been identified as significant and independent, and is believed that the formation of pits and missing enamel provides a suitable local environment for adhesion and ...
Prosthetic treatment may begin in early childhood to aid in speech development and proper nutrition, with adjustments made as the child grows. Orthodontic interventions, such as braces or aligners, are often necessary to manage spacing issues and align the existing teeth, particularly when dental implants are planned for later stages.