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[8] 1960–1964 Baran, Paul: One of two independent inventors of the concept of digital packet switching used in modern computer networking including the Internet. [9] [10] Published a series of briefings and papers about dividing information into "message blocks" and sending them over distributed networks (1960–1964). [11] [12] 1874 Baudot ...
According to the IEEE Annals of Computer History, the MCM/70 is the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computer. [32] IBM 5100: 1975: An early portable computer with integrated monitor; the 5100 was possibly one of the first portable microcomputers using a CRT display. Sphere 1: 1975: A personal computer that was among the earliest complete ...
Had Turing's ACE been built as planned and in full, it would have been in a different league from the other early computers. [52] Later in the 1950s, the first operating system, GM-NAA I/O, supporting batch processing to allow jobs to be run with less operator intervention, was developed by General Motors and North American Aviation for the IBM ...
Gary Arlen Kildall (/ ˈ k ɪ l d ˌ ɔː l /; May 19, 1942 – July 11, 1994) was an American computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur. During the 1970s, Kildall created the CP/M operating system among other operating systems and programming tools, [5] and subsequently founded Digital Research, Inc. to market and sell his software products.
Chinese inventor Liang Lingzan built the world's first fully mechanical clock; water clocks, some of them extremely accurate, had been known for centuries previous to this. This was an important technological leap forward; the earliest true computers, made a thousand years later, used technology based on that of clocks. [citation needed] 850
Slaves of the Machine: The Quickening of Computer Technology. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-68102-1. Reilly, Edwin D. (2003). Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology. Greenwood. Shurkin, Joel N. (1996). Engines of the Mind: The Evolution of the Computer from Mainframes to Microprocessors. W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31471-5.
A few of these people pre-date the invention of the digital computer; they are now regarded as computer scientists because their work can be seen as leading to the invention of the computer. Others are mathematicians whose work falls within what would now be called theoretical computer science, such as complexity theory and algorithmic ...
This is considered to be the first example of a true computer program, a series of instructions that act upon data not known in full until the program is run. Following Babbage, although unaware of his earlier work, Percy Ludgate [14] [15] in 1909 published the 2nd of the only two designs for mechanical analytical engines in history. [16]