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Developed an early fully transistorized computer, the Mailüfterl. Crucial in the creation of the formal definition of the programming language PL/I. 1938, 1945 Zuse, Konrad: Built the first digital freely programmable computer, the Z1. Built the first functional program-controlled computer, the Z3 in 1941. [59]
Had Turing's ACE been built as planned and in full, it would have been in a different league from the other early computers. [52] Later in the 1950s, the first operating system, GM-NAA I/O, supporting batch processing to allow jobs to be run with less operator intervention, was developed by General Motors and North American Aviation for the IBM ...
Tommy Flowers (1905–1998), UK – Colossus an early electronic computer. Irmgard Flügge-Lotz (1903–1974), U.S. – aircraft guidance systems; Thomas J. Fogarty (born 1934), U.S. – Embolectomy catheter (medicine) Larry Fondren, U.S. – entrepreneur, inventor and credit markets expert
According to the IEEE Annals of Computer History, the MCM/70 is the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computer. [32] IBM 5100: 1975: An early portable computer with integrated monitor; the 5100 was possibly one of the first portable microcomputers using a CRT display. Sphere 1: 1975: A personal computer that was among the earliest complete ...
The first stored-program transistor computer was the ETL Mark III, developed by Japan's Electrotechnical Laboratory [50] [51] [52] from 1954 [53] to 1956. [51] However, early junction transistors were relatively bulky devices that were difficult to manufacture on a mass-production basis, which limited them to a number of specialized ...
Slaves of the Machine: The Quickening of Computer Technology. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-68102-1. Reilly, Edwin D. (2003). Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology. Greenwood. Shurkin, Joel N. (1996). Engines of the Mind: The Evolution of the Computer from Mainframes to Microprocessors. W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31471-5.
The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31
Chinese inventor Liang Lingzan built the world's first fully mechanical clock; water clocks, some of them extremely accurate, had been known for centuries previous to this. This was an important technological leap forward; the earliest true computers, made a thousand years later, used technology based on that of clocks. [citation needed] 850