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In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. [1] The majority of cases [2] are caused by mutations in the JAK2 gene, most commonly resulting in a single amino acid change in its protein product from valine to phenylalanine at position 617.
Long-term transfusion therapy (in those with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia) is a treatment used to maintain hemoglobin levels at a target pre-transfusion hemoglobin level of 9–10.5 g/dL (11–12 g/dL in those with concomitant heart disease). [8] To ensure quality blood transfusions, the packed red blood cells should be leucoreduced.
RDW-SD is calculated as the width (in fL) of the RBC size distribution histogram at the 20% height level. This parameter is, therefore, not influenced by the average RBC size (mean corpuscular volume, MCV). [7] RDW-CV (expressed in %) is calculated with the following formula: RDW-CV = (1 standard deviation of RBC volume ÷ MCV) × 100%. [8]
Female: 78 [15] 101 [15] fL Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) 11.5 [15] 14.5 [15] % Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 0.39 [14] 0.54 [14] fmol/cell: 25, [14] 27 [5] [23] 32, [23] 33, [5] 35 [14] pg/cell Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 4.8, [140] 5.0 [140] 5.4, [140] 5.6 [140] mmol/L: 31, [15] 32 [5] [23] 35, [15] 36 [5] [23] g ...
Pernicious anemia is a disease where not enough red blood cells are produced due to a deficiency of vitamin B 12. [5] Those affected often have a gradual onset. [5] The most common initial symptoms are feeling tired and weak. [4]
Men are more commonly affected than women, although the average lifetime risk for both genders are similar (around 0.5-1%) . [ 17 ] [ 19 ] It is much less common in people from Asia . [ 4 ] Five-year survival following diagnosis is approximately 83% in the United States. [ 3 ]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. Group of endocrine diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels This article is about the common insulin disorder. For the urine hyper-production disorder, see Diabetes insipidus. For other uses, see Diabetes (disambiguation). Medical condition Diabetes Universal blue circle symbol ...
The mutated hemoglobin forms polymers and clumps together causing the deoxygenated sickle red blood cells to assume the disfigured sickle shape. [32] As a result, the cells are inflexible and cannot easily flow through blood vessels, increasing the risk of blood clots and possibly depriving vital organs of oxygen. [ 31 ]