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FaceNet is a facial recognition system developed by Florian Schroff, Dmitry Kalenichenko and James Philbina, a group of researchers affiliated with Google.The system was first presented at the 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. [1]
DeepFace is a deep learning facial recognition system created by a research group at Facebook.It identifies human faces in digital images. The program employs a nine-layer neural network with over 120 million connection weights and was trained on four million images uploaded by Facebook users.
The model was first introduced by Edwards, Cootes and Taylor in the context of face analysis at the 3rd International Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition, 1998. [1] Cootes, Edwards and Taylor further described the approach as a general method in computer vision at the European Conference on Computer Vision in the same year.
Finding facial landmarks is an important step in facial identification of people in an image. Facial landmarks can also be used to extract information about mood and intention of the person. [ 1 ] Methods used fall in to three categories: holistic methods, constrained local model methods, and regression -based methods.
Facial recognition systems have been deployed in advanced human–computer interaction, video surveillance, law enforcement, passenger screening, decisions on employment and housing and automatic indexing of images. [4] [5] Facial recognition systems are employed throughout the world today by governments and private companies. [6]
OpenAI's CLIP model [9] exemplifies the use of deep learning to associate images and text, facilitating nuanced understanding of emotional content. For instance, combined with a network psychometrics approach, the model has been used to analyze political speeches based on changes in politicians' facial expressions. [ 10 ]
Three-dimensional face recognition (3D face recognition) is a modality of facial recognition methods in which the three-dimensional geometry of the human face is used. It has been shown that 3D face recognition methods can achieve significantly higher accuracy than their 2D counterparts, rivaling fingerprint recognition .
Bruce & Young Model of Face Recognition, 1986. One of the most widely accepted theories of face perception argues that understanding faces involves several stages: [7] from basic perceptual manipulations on the sensory information to derive details about the person (such as age, gender or attractiveness), to being able to recall meaningful details such as their name and any relevant past ...