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  2. Open-field system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Field_System

    The open-field system was the prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages and lasted into the 20th century in Russia, Iran, and Turkey. [1] Each manor or village had two or three large fields, usually several hundred acres each, which were divided into many narrow strips of land.

  3. Agriculture in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Middle_Ages

    The three field system common to Medieval Europe. The distinctive ridge and furrow pattern of the Middle Ages survive in this open field in Scotland. The field systems in Medieval Europe included the open-field system, so called because there were no barriers between fields belonging to different farmers. The landscape was one of long and ...

  4. Field system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_system

    Studying early maps will often show the field system in use at the time the map was prepared. From the mid 17th century, landowners began to commission estate maps that show the size and layout of the fields they own. However, for many English parishes, the earliest written evidence of their field system is from the enclosure maps or tithe maps ...

  5. Ridge and furrow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge_and_furrow

    Ridge and furrow is an archaeological pattern of ridges (Medieval Latin: sliones) and troughs created by a system of ploughing used in Europe during the Middle Ages, typical of the open-field system. It is also known as rig (or rigg) and furrow, mostly in the North East of England and in Scotland. [1] [2] [3]

  6. Three-field system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-field_system

    Three-field system with ridge and furrow fields (furlongs) The three-field system lets farmers plant more crops and therefore increase production. Under this system, the arable land of an estate or village was divided into three large fields : one was planted in the autumn with winter wheat or rye ; the second field was planted with other crops ...

  7. Inclosure act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclosure_acts

    Called the open-field system, it was administered by manorial courts, which exercised some collective control. [4] What might now be termed a single field would have been divided under this system among the lord and his tenants; poorer peasants ( serfs or copyholders , depending on the era) were allowed to live on the strips owned by the lord ...

  8. Economics of English agriculture in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_English...

    The open field system, central to many medieval English communities.. In the century prior to the Norman invasion, England's great estates, owned by the king, bishops, monasteries and thegns, had been slowly broken up as a consequence of inheritance, wills, marriage settlements or church purchases. [5]

  9. AP European History - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_European_History

    Advanced Placement (AP) European History (also known as AP Euro, APEH, or EHAP), is a course and examination offered by the College Board through the Advanced Placement Program. This course is for high school students who are interested in a first year university level course in European history .