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A bone scan or bone scintigraphy / s ɪ n ˈ t ɪ ɡ r ə f i / is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to help diagnose and assess different bone diseases. These include cancer of the bone or metastasis, location of bone inflammation and fractures (that may not be visible in traditional X-ray images), and bone infection (osteomyelitis). [1]
The technetium-99m radioisotope is used predominantly in bone and brain scans. For bone scans , the pertechnetate ion is used directly, as it is taken up by osteoblasts attempting to heal a skeletal injury, or (in some cases) as a reaction of these cells to a tumor (either primary or metastatic) in the bone.
A DPD scan is a type of nuclear medicine imaging test which uses radioactive technetium-99m (99m Tc) and 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis. The radiopharmaceutical is taken up only in patients with ATTR amyloidosis , making it a useful tool to differentiate from AL amyloidosis .
A renogram, which may also be known as a MAG3 scan, allows a nuclear medicine physician or a radiologist to visualize the kidneys and learn more about how they are functioning. [1] MAG3 is an acronym for mercapto acetyl tri glycine , a compound that is chelated with a radioactive element – technetium-99m .
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The common bone scan with 600 MBq of technetium-99m MDP has an effective dose of approximately 2.9 mSv (2,900 μSv). [24] Formerly, units of measurement were: the curie (Ci), equal to 3.7 × 10 10 Bq, and also equal to 1.0 grams of radium ; the rad (radiation absorbed dose), now replaced by the gray; and
In the same way that a plain X-ray is a 2-dimensional (2-D) view of a 3-dimensional structure, the image obtained by a gamma camera is a 2-D view of 3-D distribution of a radionuclide. SPECT imaging is performed by using a gamma camera to acquire multiple 2-D images (also called projections ), from multiple angles.
Technetium (99m Tc) sestamibi is a lipophilic cation which, when injected intravenously into a patient, distributes in the myocardium proportionally to the myocardial blood flow. Single photon emission computed tomography imaging of the heart is performed using a gamma camera to detect the gamma rays emitted by the technetium-99m as it decays.