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Lysis (/ ˈ l aɪ s ɪ s / LY-sis; from Greek λῠ́σῐς lýsis 'loosening') is the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic" / ˈ l ɪ t ɪ k / LIT-ik) mechanisms that compromise its integrity. A fluid containing the contents of lysed cells is called a lysate.
Sonoporation, or cellular sonication, is the use of sound in the ultrasonic range for increasing the permeability of the cell plasma membrane. This technique is usually used in molecular biology and non-viral gene therapy in order to allow uptake of large molecules such as DNA into the cell, in a cell disruption process called transfection or ...
Protein purification is a critical process in molecular biology and biochemistry, aimed at isolating a specific protein from a complex mixture, such as cell lysates or tissue extracts. [9] The goal is to obtain the protein in a pure form that retains its biological activity for further study, including functional assays, structural analysis, or ...
Sonication is the act of applying sound energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes such as the extraction of multiple compounds from plants, microalgae and seaweeds. [1] Ultrasonic frequencies (> 20 kHz) are usually used, leading to the process also being known as ultrasonication or ultra-sonication .
It has since been used in other applications such as cell disruption nanoemulsions, and solid particle size reduction, among others. By using microchannels with fixed geometry, and an intensifier pump, high shear rates are generated that rupture the cells. This method of cell lysis can yield breakage of over 90% of E. coli cells. [9]
Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues, or whole organisms.Protein purification is vital for the specification of the function, structure, and interactions of the protein of interest.
A lysis buffer is a buffer solution used for the purpose of breaking open cells for use in molecular biology experiments that analyze the labile macromolecules of the cells (e.g. western blot for protein, or for DNA extraction).
The cell type of interest is engineered to express a ribosomal subunit fused to an epitope tag such as green fluorescent protein. [10] After cell lysis, antibodies targeting the epitope are used to isolate mRNAs that are bound to the ribosomes containing the fusion proteins. This RNA is then converted to cDNA and sequenced. This technique ...