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The nabla is a triangular symbol resembling an inverted Greek delta: [1] or ∇. The name comes, by reason of the symbol's shape, from the Hellenistic Greek word νάβλα for a Phoenician harp, [2] [3] and was suggested by the encyclopedist William Robertson Smith in an 1870 letter to Peter Guthrie Tait.
Del is a very convenient mathematical notation for those three operations (gradient, divergence, and curl) that makes many equations easier to write and remember. The del symbol (or nabla) can be formally defined as a vector operator whose components are the corresponding partial derivative operators.
Deutsch: Dieses Dokument listet 20323 Symbole und die dazugehörigen LaTeX-Befehle auf. Manche Symbole sind in jedem LaTeX-2ε-System verfügbar; andere benötigen zusätzliche Schriftarten oder Pakete, die nicht notwendig in jeder Distribution mitgeliefert werden und daher selbst installiert werden müssen.
The curl of the gradient of any continuously twice-differentiable scalar field (i.e., differentiability class) is always the zero vector: =. It can be easily proved by expressing ∇ × ( ∇ φ ) {\displaystyle \nabla \times (\nabla \varphi )} in a Cartesian coordinate system with Schwarz's theorem (also called Clairaut's theorem on equality ...
The symbol was introduced originally in 1770 by Nicolas de Condorcet, who used it for a partial differential, and adopted for the partial derivative by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1786. [3] It represents a specialized cursive type of the letter d , just as the integral sign originates as a specialized type of a long s (first used in print by ...
The gradient of a function is obtained by raising the index of the differential , whose components are given by: ∇ i ϕ = ϕ ; i = g i k ϕ ; k = g i k ϕ , k = g i k ∂ k ϕ = g i k ∂ ϕ ∂ x k {\displaystyle \nabla ^{i}\phi =\phi ^{;i}=g^{ik}\phi _{;k}=g^{ik}\phi _{,k}=g^{ik}\partial _{k}\phi =g^{ik}{\frac {\partial \phi }{\partial x^{k}}}}
The gradient of F is then normal to the hypersurface. Similarly, an affine algebraic hypersurface may be defined by an equation F(x 1, ..., x n) = 0, where F is a polynomial. The gradient of F is zero at a singular point of the hypersurface (this is the definition of a singular point). At a non-singular point, it is a nonzero normal vector.
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.