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However, if levels exceed 3 mg/l (1.7 × 10 −6 oz/cu in), this could mean human involvement. Usually nitrogen is not harmful but it has been found to cause methemoglobinemia in infants. [3] The susceptibility of the aquifer also depends on if the aquifer has large or small pores. A rock that has low conductivity level is known as an aquitard.
Typical aquifer cross-section. An unambiguous definition of "groundwater model" is difficult to give, but there are many common characteristics. A groundwater model may be a scale model or an electric model of a groundwater situation or aquifer. Groundwater models are used to represent the natural groundwater flow in the environment.
Hence the actual amount of water that can be extracted from the unit volume of aquifer by pumping or under the action of gravity is called as specific yield. The fraction of water held back in the aquifer is known as specific retention. Thus it can be said that porosity is the sum of specific yield and specific retention.
The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology. Related concepts include aquitard , a bed of low permeability along an aquifer, and aquiclude (or aquifuge ), a solid and impermeable region underlying or overlying an aquifer, the pressure of which could lead to the formation of a confined aquifer.
A Limestone aquifer is an aquifer that is made of carbonate minerals namely marine limestone or bioclastic limestone. Fine-grained limestone has low porosity and permeability while bioclastic limestone is the antithesis. As groundwater may dissolve carbonates aquifer forming an extensive dissolution network which is a karst aquifer. [2]
Isotope hydrology applications are highly diverse, and used for informing water-use policy, mapping aquifers, conserving water supplies, assessing sources of water pollution, investigating surface-groundwater interaction, refining groundwater flow models, and increasingly are used in eco-hydrology to study human impacts on all dimensions of the ...
A two-dimensional scale model of an aquifer. Groundwater flow can be visualized using a scale model built of acrylic and filled with sand, silt, and clay. [3] Water and tracer dye may be pumped through this system to represent the flow of the simulated groundwater.
For a confined aquifer or aquitard, storativity is the vertically integrated specific storage value. Specific storage is the volume of water released from one unit volume of the aquifer under one unit decline in head. This is related to both the compressibility of the aquifer and the compressibility of the water itself.