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  2. Marching squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marching_squares

    Process each cell in the grid independently. Calculate a cell index using comparisons of the contour level(s) with the data values at the cell corners. Use a pre-built lookup table, keyed on the cell index, to describe the output geometry for the cell. Apply linear interpolation along the boundaries of the cell to calculate the exact contour ...

  3. Slope field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope_field

    which can be interpreted geometrically as giving the slope of the tangent to the graph of the differential equation's solution (integral curve) at each point (x, y) as a function of the point coordinates. [3] It can be viewed as a creative way to plot a real-valued function of two real variables (,) as a

  4. Logarithmic scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale

    The top left graph is linear in the X- and Y-axes, and the Y-axis ranges from 0 to 10. A base-10 log scale is used for the Y-axis of the bottom left graph, and the Y-axis ranges from 0.1 to 1000. The top right graph uses a log-10 scale for just the X-axis, and the bottom right graph uses a log-10 scale for both the X axis and the Y-axis.

  5. Vector calculus identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_calculus_identities

    In Cartesian coordinates, the divergence of a continuously differentiable vector field = + + is the scalar-valued function: ⁡ = = (, , ) (, , ) = + +.. As the name implies, the divergence is a (local) measure of the degree to which vectors in the field diverge.

  6. Scalar (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_(mathematics)

    A scalar is an element of a field which is used to define a vector space.In linear algebra, real numbers or generally elements of a field are called scalars and relate to vectors in an associated vector space through the operation of scalar multiplication (defined in the vector space), in which a vector can be multiplied by a scalar in the defined way to produce another vector.

  7. Scatter plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatter_plot

    A plot located on the intersection of row and j th column is a plot of variables X i versus X j. [10] This means that each row and column is one dimension, and each cell plots a scatter plot of two dimensions. [citation needed] A generalized scatter plot matrix [11] offers a range of displays of paired combinations of categorical and ...

  8. Laplacian matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplacian_matrix

    In the matrix notation, the adjacency matrix of the undirected graph could, e.g., be defined as a Boolean sum of the adjacency matrix of the original directed graph and its matrix transpose, where the zero and one entries of are treated as logical, rather than numerical, values, as in the following example:

  9. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    In 3-space n = 3, the axis of a non-null proper rotation is always a unique line, and a rotation around this axis by angle θ has eigenvalues λ = 1, e iθ, e −iθ. In 4-space n = 4, the four eigenvalues are of the form e ±iθ, e ±iφ. The null rotation has θ = φ = 0.