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A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity created or owned by a national or local government, either through an executive order or legislation.SOEs aim to generate profit for the government, prevent private sector monopolies, provide goods at lower prices, implement government policies, or serve remote areas where private businesses are scarce.
The United States federal government chartered and owned corporations operate to provide public services. Unlike government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, or independent commissions, such as the Federal Communications Commission, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and others, they have a separate legal personality from the federal government.
In Australia the predominant term used for SOEs is government business enterprise (GBE). Various Australian states also have GBEs, especially with respect to the provision of water and sewerage, and many state-based GBEs were privatized in some states during the last decade of the twentieth century.
State capitalism is an economic system in which the state undertakes business and commercial (i.e., for-profit) economic activity and where the means of production are nationalized as state-owned enterprises (including the processes of capital accumulation, centralized management and wage labor).
After extensive privatisation of the public sector during the Margaret Thatcher administration, there remain few statutory corporations in the UK. Privatisation began in the late 1970s, and notable privatisations include the Central Electricity Generating Board, British Rail, and more recently Royal Mail.
They are typically "organisations with independent corporate status, managed by an executive board appointed primarily by local government officials, and with majority public ownership." [1] Some municipally owned corporations rely on revenue from user fees, distinguishing them from agencies and special districts funded through taxation. [2]
In sociology, a social system is the patterned network of relationships constituting a coherent whole that exist between individuals, groups, and institutions. [1] It is the formal structure of role and status that can form in a small, stable group. [1]
For example, in 1945 the French government seized the car-maker Renault because its owners had collaborated with the 1940–1944 Nazi occupiers of France. [ 2 ] Economists distinguish between nationalization and socialization , which refers to the process of restructuring the economic framework, organizational structure, and institutions of an ...