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In a Kendrick mass analysis, the Kendrick mass defect is plotted as function of nominal Kendrick mass for ions observed in a mass spectrum. [11] Ions of the same family, for example the members of an alkylation series, have the same Kendrick mass defect but different nominal Kendrick mass and are positioned along a horizontal line on the plot.
An individual chemical shift δ is the mole-fraction-weighted average of the shifts δ of nuclei in contributing species. ¯ = Example: the pK a of the hydroxyl group in citric acid has been determined from 13 C chemical shift data to be 14.4.
The concentration of the species LH is equal to the sum of the concentrations of the two micro-species with the same chemical formula, labelled L 1 H and L 2 H. The constant K 2 is for a reaction with these two micro-species as products, so that [LH] = [L 1 H] + [L 2 H] appears in the numerator, and it follows that this macro-constant is equal ...
where A and B are reactants C is a product a, b, and c are stoichiometric coefficients,. the reaction rate is often found to have the form: = [] [] Here is the reaction rate constant that depends on temperature, and [A] and [B] are the molar concentrations of substances A and B in moles per unit volume of solution, assuming the reaction is taking place throughout the volume of the ...
This formula leads to the Nernst equation when applied to the oxidation-reduction reaction which generates the voltage of a voltaic cell. Analogously, the relation between the change in reaction enthalpy and enthalpy can be defined. For example, [8] = (),
Strictly speaking the above equation holds also for systems with chemical reactions if the terms in the balance equation are taken to refer to total mass, i.e. the sum of all the chemical species of the system. In the absence of a chemical reaction the amount of any chemical species flowing in and out will be the same; this gives rise to an ...
For example, the mass of water might be written in subscripts as m H 2 O, m water, m aq, m w (if clear from context) etc., or simply as m(H 2 O). Another example could be the electronegativity of the fluorine-fluorine covalent bond, which might be written with subscripts χ F-F, χ FF or χ F-F etc., or brackets χ(F-F), χ(FF) etc. Neither is ...
The value of K f, which depends on the nature of the solvent can be found out by the following equation: = R is the ideal gas constant. M is the molar mass of the solvent. T f is the freezing point of the pure solvent in kelvin.