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The PACELC theorem, introduced in 2010, [8] builds on CAP by stating that even in the absence of partitioning, there is another trade-off between latency and consistency. PACELC means, if partition (P) happens, the trade-off is between availability (A) and consistency (C); Else (E), the trade-off is between latency (L) and consistency (C).
The CAP theorem is based on three trade-offs, one of which is "atomic consistency" (shortened to "consistency" for the acronym), about which the authors note, "Discussing atomic consistency is somewhat different than talking about an ACID database, as database consistency refers to transactions, while atomic consistency refers only to a property of a single request/response operation sequence.
The PACELC theorem was first described by Daniel Abadi from Yale University in 2010 in a blog post, [2] which he later clarified in a paper in 2012. [3] The purpose of PACELC is to address his thesis that "Ignoring the consistency/latency trade-off of replicated systems is a major oversight [in CAP], as it is present at all times during system operation, whereas CAP is only relevant in the ...
C-theorem ; CAP theorem (theoretical computer science) CPCTC (triangle geometry) Cameron–Erdős theorem (discrete mathematics) Cameron–Martin theorem (measure theory) Cantor–Bernstein–Schroeder theorem (set theory, cardinal numbers) Cantor's intersection theorem (real analysis) Cantor's isomorphism theorem (order theory)
Eventual consistency is a consistency model used in distributed computing to achieve high availability.Put simply: if no new updates are made to a given data item, eventually all accesses to that item will return the last updated value. [1]
Many NoSQL stores compromise consistency (in the sense of the CAP theorem) in favor of availability, partition tolerance, and speed. Barriers to the greater adoption of NoSQL stores include the use of low-level query languages (instead of SQL, for instance), lack of ability to perform ad hoc joins across tables, lack of standardized interfaces ...
State-based CRDTs (also called convergent replicated data types, or CvRDTs) are defined by two types, a type for local states and a type for actions on the state, together with three functions: A function to produce an initial state, a merge function of states, and a function to apply an action to update a state.
For a relational signature X, FO[PFP](X) is the set of formulas formed from X using first-order connectives and predicates, second-order variables as well as a partial fixed point operator used to form formulas of the form [, ], where is a second-order variable, a tuple of first-order variables, a tuple of terms and the lengths of and coincide with the arity of .