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An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. [1] An application layer abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model . [ 2 ]
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
The application layer is the layer of the OSI model that is closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with a software application that implements a component of communication between the client and server, such as File Explorer and Microsoft Word.
Layer Protocol data unit (PDU) Function [3] Host layers 7 Application: Data: High-level protocols such as for resource sharing or remote file access, e.g. HTTP. 6 Presentation: Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryption: 5 Session
As a consequence, routing protocols are included in the application layer. [28] Some authors, such as Tanenbaum in Computer Networks, describe routing protocols in the same layer as IP, reasoning that routing protocols inform decisions made by the forwarding process of routers.
This category includes protocols from the Application Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite as well as the protocols of OSI Layer 7. The Application Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite includes Session Layer protocols and Presentation Layer protocols from OSI.
List of Bluetooth protocols: File transfer: Comparison of file transfer protocols: Instant messaging: Comparison of instant messaging protocols: Internet Protocol: List of IP protocol numbers: Link aggregation: List of Nortel protocols OSI protocols: List of network protocols (OSI model) Protocol stacks: List of network protocol stacks: Routing
The Layer 4: transport layer PDU is the segment or the datagram. The Layer 3: network layer PDU is the packet. The Layer 2: data link layer PDU is the frame. The Layer 1: physical layer PDU is the bit or, more generally, symbol. Given a context pertaining to a specific OSI layer, PDU is sometimes used as a synonym for its representation at that ...