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Fuel is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on fuel. It was established in 1922 and published by Butterworths Scientific Publications as Fuel in Science and Practice , obtaining its current name in 1948.
Energy & Fuels is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society. It was established in 1987. It was established in 1987. Its publication frequency switched from bimonthly to monthly in 2009.
[122] [124] However, further research examining the actual effects of the Renewable Fuel Standard from 2008 to 2016 has concluded that corn ethanol produces more carbon emissions per unit of energy – likely more than 24% more – than gasoline, when factoring in fertilizer use and land use change.
Ethanol fuel has a "gasoline gallon equivalency" (GGE) value of 1.5, i.e. to replace the energy of 1 volume of gasoline, 1.5 times the volume of ethanol is needed. [4] [5] Ethanol-blended fuel is widely used in Brazil, the United States, and Europe (see also Ethanol fuel by country). [2]
Energy Reports is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering all aspects of energy research. The journal was established in 2015 and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Nelson Fumo (University of Texas at Tyler). [1] Authors pay article processing charges, but do not retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights ...
the quality of the resulting ethanol compared to the quality of refined gasoline; the energy indirectly consumed (in order to make the ethanol processing plant, etc.). Much of the current academic discussion regarding ethanol currently revolves around issues of system borders. This refers to how complete a picture is drawn for energy inputs.
A dish of ethanol aflame. Various alcohols are used as fuel for internal combustion engines.The first four aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol) are of interest as fuels because they can be synthesized chemically or biologically, and they have characteristics which allow them to be used in internal combustion engines.
Brazil's 40-year-old ethanol fuel program is based on the most efficient agricultural technology for sugarcane cultivation in the world, [10] uses modern equipment and cheap sugar cane as feedstock, the residual cane-waste is used to produce heat and power, which results in a very competitive price and also in a high energy balance (output ...