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In social science, economic capital is distinguished in relation to other types of capital which may not necessarily reflect a monetary or exchange-value.These forms of capital include natural capital, cultural capital and social capital; the latter two represent a type of power or status that an individual can attain in a capitalist society via formal education or through social ties.
A capital requirement (also known as regulatory capital, capital adequacy or capital base) is the amount of capital a bank or other financial institution has to have as required by its financial regulator. This is usually expressed as a capital adequacy ratio of equity as a percentage of risk-weighted assets.
Attempting to align economic and regulatory capital more closely to reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage. While the final accord has at large addressed the regulatory arbitrage issue, there are still areas where regulatory capital requirements will diverge from the economic capital.
With the financial crisis of 2007, and the introduction of Dodd–Frank Act, and Basel III, the minimum required regulatory capital requirements have become onerous.An implication of stringent regulatory capital requirements spurred debates on the validity of required economic capital in managing an organization's portfolio composition, highlighting that constraining requirements should have ...
Under the Basel II guidelines, banks are allowed to use their own estimated risk parameters for the purpose of calculating regulatory capital. This is known as the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach to capital requirements for credit risk. Only banks meeting certain minimum conditions, disclosure requirements and approval from their national ...
Exposure at default or (EAD) is a parameter used in the calculation of economic capital or regulatory capital under Basel II for a banking institution. It can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor. [1] [2] Outside of Basel II, the concept is sometimes known as Credit Exposure (CE). It represents the ...
Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON) (Nepali:नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड) is the regulator of securities market in Nepal. It was established on June 7, 1993 after the first amendment in the Securities Exchange Act 1983. [ 1 ]
The Basel II accord proposes to permit banks a choice between two broad methodologies for calculating their capital requirements for credit risk. The other alternative is based on internal ratings . Reforms to the standardised approach to credit risk are due to be introduced under the Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms .