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The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (aka LI-RADS) is a quality assurance tool created and trademarked by the American College of Radiology in 2011 to standardize the reporting and data collection of CT and MR imaging patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or primary cancer of the liver cells. [1]
Extracellular contrast agents are used widely in liver MRI, and newer hepatobiliary contrast agents also provide the opportunity to perform functional biliary imaging. Anatomical imaging of the bile ducts is achieved by using a heavily T2-weighted sequence in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).
MRI contrast agents may be administered by injection into the blood stream or orally, depending on the subject of interest. Oral administration is well suited to gastrointestinal tract scans, while intravascular administration proves more useful for most other scans. MRI contrast agents can be classified [2] by their: Chemical composition
By contrast, therapeutic IR procedures provide direct treatment—they include catheter-based medicine delivery, medical device placement (e.g., stents), and angioplasty of narrowed structures. The main benefits of IR techniques are that they can reach the deep structures of the body through a body orifice or tiny incision using small needles ...
However, clear fluid and routine medication is allowed before the scan. [1] Negative oral contrast such as pineapple juice, [ 1 ] date syrup, ferumoxsil, Açaí juice and water are useful in decreasing T2 signal intensity, thus minimising signals from stomach and duodenum from interfering with signals from the biliary system.
Abnormally increased liver stiffness is a direct consequence of liver fibrosis. The diagnostic performance of MRE in assessing liver fibrosis has been established in multiple studies. [17] [18] [16] [19] Liver MRE examinations are performed in MRI systems that have been equipped for the technique.
A contrast medium is injected into a bile duct in the liver, after which X-rays are taken. It allows access to the biliary tree in cases where endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has been unsuccessful. Initially reported in 1937, the procedure became popular in 1952. [2] [3]
Like most liver tumors, the anatomy and location of the adenoma determines whether the tumor can removed laparoscopically or if it requires an open surgical procedure. [7] Hepatocellular adenomas are also known to decrease in size when there is decreased estrogen or steroids (e.g. when estrogen-containing contraceptives, steroids are stopped ...