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In radiometry, radiant exposure or fluence is the radiant energy received by a surface per unit area, or equivalently the irradiance of a surface, integrated over time of irradiation, and spectral exposure is the radiant exposure per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength.
Complications from radiation exposure include malformation of internal organs, reduction of IQ, and cancer formation. [8] The SI unit of exposure is the coulomb per kilogram (C/kg), which has largely replaced the roentgen (R). [9] One roentgen equals 0.000 258 C/kg; an exposure of one coulomb per kilogram is equivalent to 3876 roentgens. [9]
Radiant exitance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength. The latter is commonly measured in W⋅m −2 ⋅nm −1. "Spectral emittance" is an old term for this quantity. This is sometimes also confusingly called "spectral intensity". M e,λ [nb 4] watt per square metre, per metre W/m 3: M⋅L −1 ⋅T −3: Radiant exposure: H e: joule ...
Radiant energy received by a surface per unit area, or equivalently irradiance of a surface integrated over time of irradiation. This is sometimes also called "radiant fluence". Spectral exposure: H e,ν [nb 3] joule per square metre per hertz J⋅m −2 ⋅Hz −1: M⋅T −1: Radiant exposure of a surface per unit frequency or
Solar irradiance is often integrated over a given time period in order to report the radiant energy emitted into the surrounding environment (joule per square metre, J/m 2) during that time period. This integrated solar irradiance is called solar irradiation, solar radiation, solar exposure, solar insolation, or insolation.
Radiant exposure in photometry is visible light, which becquerels of radiation usually are not; the radiometric metric is more appropriate. So the precise "fluence" of radiation that's measured in becquerels is "radiant exposure", not the ambiguous "fluence". Radiant exposure is symbolized by H e, indicating joules per square meter (J/m 2).
Thermal radiation is a phenomenon that can burn skin and ignite flammable materials. The time to a damage from exposure to thermal radiation is a function of the rate of delivery of the heat. Radiative heat flux and effects are given as follows: [31]
The roentgen or röntgen (/ ˈ r ɛ n t ɡ ə n,-dʒ ə n, ˈ r ʌ n t-/; [2] symbol R) is a legacy unit of measurement for the exposure of X-rays and gamma rays, and is defined as the electric charge freed by such radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass of that air (statcoulomb per kilogram).