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Juz' 1: Al-Fatihah: ٱلْفَاتِحَة al-Fātiḥah al-Ḥamd: The Opening, the Opening of the Divine Writ, The Essence of the Divine Writ, The Surah of Praise, The Foundation of the Qur'an, and The Seven Oft-Repeated [Verses] [6] 7 (1) Makkah: 5: 48: Whole Surah [6] The fundamental principles of the Qur'an in a condensed form. [6]
Ar-Rum (Arabic: الروم, romanized: ’ar-rūm, lit. 'The Romans') is the 30th chapter of the Quran, consisting of 60 verses ().The term Rūm originated in the word Roman, and during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, it referred to the Eastern Roman Empire; the title is also sometimes translated as "The Greeks" or "The Byzantines".
Distribution of Surahs by Juz', with the length of the bar corresponding to a Surah being proportionate to the number of letters of the Surahs in the Juz' divided by the total number of letters in the Juz'. Most Juz' are named after the first word of the first verse of the Juz'. [5]
The word surah was used at the time of Muhammad as a term with the meaning of a portion or a set of verses of the Qur'an. This is evidenced by the appearance of the word surah in multiple locations in the Quran such as verse : "a sûrah which We have revealed and made ˹its rulings˺ obligatory, and revealed in it clear commandments so that you may be mindful."
[10] [11] Surat Al-Fajr is a Meccan sura [12] and meccan suras are chronologically earlier suras that were revealed to Muhammad at Mecca before the hijrah to Medina in 622 CE. They are typically shorter, with relatively short ayat, and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an's 114 surahs. Most of the surahs containing muqatta'at are Meccan.
Surat al-Muddaththir is structured thematically and chronologically. Containing 56 total verses, this surah was most likely revealed on at least two occasions and compiled retroactively. Verses 1-30 and 32-56 are composed of short, poetic lines which maintain rhyme structure and the Arabic rhetorical device of parallel construction.
Folio from the Qur'an manuscript with first verses of the chapter Al-Ahqaf. The title and verse count at the beginning of chapter are written in gold in a rectangular panel with a marginal tassel.