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The Boxer Rebellion was an anti-imperialist movement which sought to expel foreigners from China and end the system of foreign concessions and treaty ports. [12] The rebellion had multiple causes. [22] Escalating tensions caused Chinese to turn against "foreign devils" who engaged in the Scramble for China in the late 19th century.
Captured Boxer fighters during the Boxer Rebellion in Tianjin (1901). The Boxers, officially known as the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (traditional Chinese: 義和拳; simplified Chinese: 义和拳; pinyin: Yìhéquán; Wade–Giles: I 4-ho 2-ch'üan 2) among other names, were a Chinese secret society based in northern China that carried out the Boxer Rebellion from 1899 to 1901.
In the United States, the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion was known as the China Relief Expedition. [42] The United States was able to play a major role in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion largely because of the presence of American forces deployed in the Philippines since the U.S. annexation after the Spanish–American War in 1898. [43]
Siege of the International Legations; Part of the Boxer Rebellion: I'll Try, Sir!: American troops scale the walls of Peking, with the Fox Tower in flames. Depicted is trumpeter Calvin Titus who first climbed the wall and was later awarded the Medal of Honor.
Zhao Sanduo (simplified Chinese: 赵三多; traditional Chinese: 趙三多,1841–1902) was a leader of the Boxer Rebellion during the late Qing dynasty. [1] His courtesy name was Zhusheng, and he was also known as Zhao Laozhu or Zhao Luozhu. He had led many attacks against foreign nationals and Christians in China from 1892 to 1900.
The declaration of war was one of the direct causes of the Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Nation Alliance's formation, which then led to Boxer Protocol. This Imperial decree was officially issued in the name of Guangxu Emperor , bearing his official Imperial seal.
The Boxer Protocol was a diplomatic protocol [1] signed in China's capital Beijing on September 7, 1901, between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance that had provided military forces (including France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Japan, Russia, and the United States) as well as Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands, after China's defeat in the intervention ...
Peking 1900. The Boxer Rebellion. Oxford: Osprey. Preston, Diana (1999). The Boxer Rebellion: The Dramatic Story of China's War on Foreigners That Shook the World in the Summer of 1900. New York: Walker and Co. Thompson, Larry Clinton (2009). William Scott Ament and the Boxer Rebellion: Heroism, Hubris, and the Ideal Missionary. Jefferson, NC ...