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The impulse can be modeled as a Dirac delta function for continuous-time systems, or as the discrete unit sample function for discrete-time systems. The Dirac delta represents the limiting case of a pulse made very short in time while maintaining its area or integral (thus giving an infinitely high peak).
The graph of the Dirac delta is usually thought of as following the whole x-axis and the positive y-axis. [5]: 174 The Dirac delta is used to model a tall narrow spike function (an impulse), and other similar abstractions such as a point charge, point mass or electron point.
The impulse delivered by a varying force is the integral of the force F with respect to time: =. The SI unit of impulse is the newton second (N⋅s), and the dimensionally equivalent unit of momentum is the kilogram metre per second (kg⋅m/s).
A threshold tracking experiment consists of a 1-ms stimulus being applied to a nerve in regular intervals. [10] The action potential is recorded downstream from the triggering impulse. The stimulus is automatically decreased in steps of a set percentage until the response falls below the target (generation of an action potential).
The graph of the Dirac comb function is an infinite series of Dirac delta functions spaced at intervals of T. In mathematics, a Dirac comb (also known as sha function, impulse train or sampling function) is a periodic function with the formula := = for some given period . [1]
The Oberth effect is used in a powered flyby or Oberth maneuver where the application of an impulse, typically from the use of a rocket engine, close to a gravitational body (where the gravity potential is low, and the speed is high) can give much more change in kinetic energy and final speed (i.e. higher specific energy) than the same impulse ...
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Common examples of linear time-invariant systems are most electronic and digital filters. Systems with this property are known as IIR systems or IIR filters . In practice, the impulse response, even of IIR systems, usually approaches zero and can be neglected past a certain point.