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Salt (sometimes referred to as SaltStack) is a Python-based, open-source software for event-driven IT automation, remote task execution, and configuration management. Supporting the " infrastructure as code " approach to data center system and network deployment and management, configuration automation, SecOps orchestration, vulnerability ...
Many of these attacks measure slight, nondeterministic variations in the execution of code, so the attacker needs many measurements (possibly tens of thousands) to learn secrets. However, the MicroScope attack allows a malicious OS to replay code an arbitrary number of times regardless of the program's actual structure, enabling dozens of side ...
CVE-2016-6258 Xen Hypervisor: The PV pagetable code has fast-paths for making updates to pre-existing pagetable entries, to skip expensive re-validation in safe cases (e.g. clearing only Access/Dirty bits). The bits considered safe were too broad, and not actually safe. CVE-2016-7092 Xen Hypervisor: Disallow L3 recursive pagetable for 32-bit PV ...
The .NET Common Language Runtime provides Code Access Security to enforce restrictions on untrusted code. Software Fault Isolation (SFI), [15] allows running untrusted native code by sandboxing all store, read and jump assembly instructions to isolated segments of memory. Some of the use cases for sandboxes include the following:
On its own, an arbitrary code execution exploit will give the attacker the same privileges as the target process that is vulnerable. [11] For example, if exploiting a flaw in a web browser, an attacker could act as the user, performing actions such as modifying personal computer files or accessing banking information, but would not be able to perform system-level actions (unless the user in ...
With data execution prevention, an adversary cannot directly execute instructions written to a buffer because the buffer's memory section is marked as non-executable. To defeat this protection, a return-oriented programming attack does not inject malicious instructions, but rather uses instruction sequences already present in executable memory ...
On 12 August 2009, a page on Google Code introduced a new project, Pepper, and the associated Pepper Plugin API (PPAPI), [32] "a set of modifications to NPAPI to make plugins more portable and more secure". [33] This extension is designed specifically to ease implementing out-of-process plugin execution. Further, the goals of the project are to ...
This can be useful to avoid detection of the code and to allow the code to pass through filters that scrub non-alphanumeric characters from strings (in part, such filters were a response to non-alphanumeric shellcode exploits). A similar type of encoding is called printable code and uses all printable characters (0–9, A–Z, a–z ...