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Origin of life.Exactly how, where, and when did life on Earth originate? Which, if any, of the many hypotheses is correct? What were the metabolic pathways used by the earliest life forms?
Biology (with Coursework) (Singapore) Yes Yes No Singapore only; last exam in 2014 syllabus: CIE 5096 Human and Social Biology: Yes Yes Yes Cannot be combined with syllabuses 0608, 0610, 0653 & 0654 , 5090, 5129 & 5131 (O Level) link: CIE 5100 Biology (Singapore) Yes Yes Exclusive Singapore only; last exam in 2014 syllabus: CIE 5108 Biology ...
In August 2018, Ofqual announced that it had intervened to adjust the GCSE Science grade boundaries for students who had taken the "higher tier" paper in its new double award science exams and performed poorly, due to an excessive number of students in danger of receiving a grade of "U" or "unclassified".
In 1994, the Oxford Schools Examinations Board sold its GCSE functions to the Associated Examining Board [17] (OSEB's A Level functions went to UCLES). [2] NEAB, the AEB and the vocational City & Guilds formed the Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) in 1997, [ 18 ] with the AEB and NEAB formally merging into AQA in 2000 (City & Guilds ...
In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time.
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is a particle of matter 1 to 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter. [1] [2] The term is sometimes used for larger particles, up to 500 nm, or fibers and tubes that are less than 100 nm in only two directions.
In biochemistry and molecular biology, the term residue refers to a specific monomer within the polymeric chain of a polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid. In proteins, the carboxyl group of one amino acid links with the amino group of another amino acid to form a peptide. This results in the removal of water, and what remains is called the ...