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Unlike modafinil, adrafinil does not have FDA approval and was withdrawn from the French market in 2011. [170] The FDA approved modafinil in 1998 for narcolepsy treatment, and later for shift work sleep disorder and obstructive sleep apnea in 2003. [8] [171] [172] It was approved in the UK in December 2002.
[1] [5] [11] However, other mechanisms might also be involved in its effects. [1] [5] [11] Chemically, armodafinil is the enantiopure (R)-(–)-enantiomer of the racemic mixture modafinil (brand name Provigil). [1] [4] [5] Both enantiomers of modafinil are active as DRIs and wakefulness-promoting agents, but armodafinil is more potent and ...
Eugeroics, in the sense of modafinil-type wakefulness promoting agents, include modafinil itself, armodafinil, and adrafinil, among others. [9] They are medically indicated for the treatment of certain sleep disorders , including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
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Modafinil is a drug that helps keep people awake and alert (wakefulness-promoting agent or "eugeroic"). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Most of the listed modafinil analogues are drugs that specifically target dopamine reuptake (reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter ) with stronger effects ( selective DRIs with improved potency ...
The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III. The complete list of Schedule IV substances is as follows.
Modafiendz, also known as N-methyl-4,4-difluoromodafinil or as N-methylbisfluoromodafinil, is a wakefulness-promoting agent related to modafinil that was never marketed. [1] [2] [3] It is sold online and used non-medically as a nootropic (cognitive enhancer).
The drug has been found to block the dopamine transporter (DAT) by 83%, to a greater extent than methylphenidate without unfavorable concomitant adrenergic effects. [8] The drug is an atypical DRI similarly to modafinil. [11] [1] [9] The affinities for the DAT of flmodafinil's enantiomers and modafinil have also been studied.