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Risks of retained placenta include hemorrhage and infection. After the placenta is delivered, the uterus should contract down to close off all the blood vessels inside the uterus. If the placenta only partially separates, the uterus cannot contract properly, so the blood vessels inside will continue to bleed.
The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior.
Intravenous or intramuscular oxytocin is the drug of choice for postpartum hemorrhage. [19] [20] Ergotamine may also be used. [2] Oxytocin helps the uterus to contract quickly and the contractions to last longer. [21] It is the first line treatment for PPH when its cause is the uterus not contracting well. [22]
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class. Antibiotics are listed alphabetically within their class or subclass by their nonproprietary name. If an antibiotic is a combination drug, both ingredients will be listed.
[69] [70] It is allowed as a quasi-drug for skin whitening in Japan. [71] In hyphema: tranexamic acid is effective in reducing the risk of secondary hemorrhage outcomes in people with traumatic hyphema. [72] In liver resection: tranexamic acid did not reduce bleeding or transfusions but did increase complications. [73]
Vaginal bleeding, if it occurs, may be bright red or dark. [1] A placental abruption caused by arterial bleeding at the center of the placenta leads to sudden development of severe symptoms and life-threatening conditions including fetal heart rate abnormalities, severe maternal hemorrhage, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Chorionic hematoma is the pooling of blood between the chorion, a membrane surrounding the embryo, and the uterine wall. [2] It occurs in about 3.1% of all pregnancies , [ 2 ] it is the most common sonographic abnormality and the most common cause of first trimester bleeding .