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Vaginal delivery causes stretching of the pelvic muscles [13] and the pudendal nerve. Obstetric injury is a leading cause of fecal incontinence. [14] Obstetric injury may tear the anal sphincters, and some of these injuries may be occult (undetected).
Clostridioides difficile infection [5] (CDI or C-diff), also known as Clostridium difficile infection, is a symptomatic infection due to the spore-forming bacterium Clostridioides difficile. [6] Symptoms include watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. [1] It makes up about 20% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. [1]
As such, routine examination of fecal material gives a positive diagnosis in only 5 to 15% of infected subjects, [14] and is therefore of little practical diagnostic use. [9] In a heavy infection, female pinworms may adhere to stools that pass out through the anus, and they may thus be detected on the surface on the stool.
Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation (e.g. low blood pressure ) or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood ...
Rectal prolapse may occur without any symptoms, but depending upon the nature of the prolapse there may be mucous discharge (mucus coming from the anus), rectal bleeding, degrees of fecal incontinence, and obstructed defecation symptoms. [5] Rectal prolapse is generally more common in elderly women, although it may occur at any age and in ...
Typically such patients complain of defecation urgency and frequent bowel movements, but only small fecal pellets are passed leaving a sensation of incomplete evacuation. During defecation patients may need to support the perineum on both sides, or evacuate fecal pellets from the rectum with a finger.
Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [1] [3] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [1] The diarrhea may be bloody. [1]
In patients with HIV, infections may be more frequent, may cause prolonged bouts of dirty brown diarrhea, and may be more commonly associated with bacteremia and antibiotic resistance. In participants of unprotected anal intercourse, campylobacteriosis is more localized to the distal end of the colon and may be termed a proctocolitis .