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Sir James Chadwick (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for his discovery of the neutron. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report , which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts.
James Chadwick at the 1933 Solvay Conference. Chadwick had discovered the neutron the year before while working at Cavendish Laboratory.. The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics in the first half of the 20th century.
James Chadwick was the third son of a gentleman of an old Catholic Lancashire family, John Chadwick, who had settled in Ireland, and his wife, an Irish lady named Frances Dromgoole. His father was fined and imprisoned for siding with Prince Charles in 1745. His mother was from a Catholic family that suffered persecution. [1]
"Angels We Have Heard on High" was an 1862 paraphrase by James Chadwick [citation needed], the Roman Catholic Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle, in the north-east of England. Chadwick's lyrics are original in some sections, including the title, and are loosely translated from the French in other sections.
As head of the British Mission to the Los Alamos Laboratory, James Chadwick led a multinational team of distinguished scientists that included Sir Geoffrey Taylor, James Tuck, Niels Bohr, Peierls, Frisch, and Klaus Fuchs, who was later revealed to be a Soviet atomic spy. Four members of the British Mission became group leaders at Los Alamos.
The neutron was discovered by James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in February 1932. [1] [2] Two months later, his Cavendish colleagues John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton split lithium atoms with accelerated protons.
The discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 created a new means of nuclear transmutation. Enrico Fermi and his colleagues in Rome studied the results of bombarding uranium with neutrons, and Fermi concluded that his experiments had created new elements with 93 and 94 protons, which his group dubbed ausenium and hesperium.
Initially it was thought to be high-energy gamma radiation, since gamma radiation had a similar effect on electrons in metals, but James Chadwick found that the ionization effect was too strong for it to be due to electromagnetic radiation, so long as energy and momentum were conserved in the interaction. In 1932, Chadwick exposed various ...