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Saqaliba (Arabic: صقالبة, romanized: ṣaqāliba, singular Arabic: صقلبي, romanized: ṣaqlabī) [nb 1] is a term used in medieval Arabic sources to refer to Slavs, and other peoples of Central, Southern, and Eastern Europe.
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Mubārak al-Saqlabi and Muẓaffar al-Saqlabi were jointly the first emirs of the Taifa of Valencia between 1010 and 1018. [1] They were brothers and Saqaliba, originally Slavic children that were captured, castrated, sold as slaves in Spain, and educated in the Islamic culture and religion.
The Arabic Caliphate of Córdoba referred to the forests of Central and Eastern Europe, which came to function as a slave source supply, as the Bilad as-Saqaliba ("land of the slaves"). [23] The Prague slave market was a part of a big net of slave trade in European saqaliba slaves to the Muslim world. Ibn Hawqal wrote in the 10th century:
Labib al-Fata al-Saqlabi (Arabic: لبيب الفتى الصقلبي) (or Labib of Tortosa) was the founder and first ruler of the Taifa of Tortosa from around AH 400 (1009/1010 CE) to AH 431 (1039/1040).
The Saqaliba were also imported as eunuchs and concubines to Muslim states. [12] The slavery of eunuchs in the Muslim world however was expensive and they thus were given as gifts by rulers. The Saqaliba eunuchs were prominent at the court of Aghlabids and later Fatimids who imported them from Spain.
It became the center of the massive slave trade of the Samanid Empire, who bought saqaliba (European) slaves from the Kievan Rus' and sold them on to the Middle East, and as such constituted one of the main trade routes of saqaliba slaves to the Muslim world. The conquests and plundering of the Ghaznavid Empire brought a large number of slaves ...
They were generically referred to as Saqaliba, the Arab word for Slavs. [120] Slavs' status as the most common group in the slave trade by the tenth century led to the development of the word "slave." [121] The Saqaliba were mostly assigned to palaces as guards, concubines, and eunuchs, although they were sometimes privately owned. [122]