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Tic-tac-toe A completed game of tic-tac-toe Other names Noughts and Crosses Xs and Os Genres Paper-and-pencil game Players 2 Setup time Minimal Playing time ~1 minute Chance None Skills Strategy, tactics, observation Tic-tac-toe (American English), noughts and crosses (Commonwealth English), or Xs and Os (Canadian or Irish English) is a paper-and-pencil game for two players who take turns ...
Diagram showing optimal strategy for tic-tac-toe.With perfect play, and from any initial move, both players can always force a draw. In combinatorial game theory, a two-player deterministic perfect information turn-based game is a first-player-win if with perfect play the first player to move can always force a win.
The first two plies of the game tree for tic-tac-toe. The diagram shows the first two levels, or plies, in the game tree for tic-tac-toe. The rotations and reflections of positions are equivalent, so the first player has three choices of move: in the center, at the edge, or in the corner.
Combinatorial games include well-known games such as chess, checkers, and Go, which are regarded as non-trivial, and tic-tac-toe, which is considered trivial, in the sense of being "easy to solve". Some combinatorial games may also have an unbounded playing area, such as infinite chess .
Bertie the Brain was a video game version of tic-tac-toe, built by Dr. Josef Kates for the 1950 Canadian National Exhibition. [1] Kates had previously worked at Rogers Majestic designing and building radar tubes during World War II, then after the war pursued graduate studies in the computing center at the University of Toronto while continuing to work at Rogers Majestic. [2]
Ultimate tic-tac-toe (also known as UTT, super tic-tac-toe, meta tic-tac-toe, (tic-tac-toe)² or Ultimate Noughts and Crosses [1]) is a board game composed of nine tic-tac-toe boards arranged in a 3 × 3 grid. [2] [3] Players take turns playing on the smaller tic-tac-toe boards until one of them wins on the larger board. Compared to traditional ...
The history of chess puzzles reaches back to the Middle Ages and has since evolved. Usually the goal is to find the single best, ideally aesthetic move or a series of single best moves in a chess position, that was created by a composer or is from a real game. But puzzles can also set different objectives.
The rating of best Go-playing programs on the KGS server since 2007. Since 2006, all the best programs use Monte Carlo tree search. [14]In 2006, inspired by its predecessors, [15] Rémi Coulom described the application of the Monte Carlo method to game-tree search and coined the name Monte Carlo tree search, [16] L. Kocsis and Cs.