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A portion of the curve x = 2 + cos(z) rotated around the z-axis A torus as a square revolved around an axis parallel to one of its diagonals.. A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) one full revolution around an axis of rotation (normally not intersecting the generatrix, except at its endpoints). [1]
It is generated by a curve that lies in the half-plane and connects the two points; among all the surfaces that can be generated in this way, it is the one that minimizes the surface area. [1] A basic problem in the calculus of variations is finding the curve between two points that produces this minimal surface of revolution. [1]
The theorem applied to an open cylinder, cone and a sphere to obtain their surface areas. The centroids are at a distance a (in red) from the axis of rotation.. In mathematics, Pappus's centroid theorem (also known as the Guldinus theorem, Pappus–Guldinus theorem or Pappus's theorem) is either of two related theorems dealing with the surface areas and volumes of surfaces and solids of ...
Poloidal direction (red arrow) and toroidal direction (blue arrow) A torus of revolution in 3-space can be parametrized as: [2] (,) = (+ ) (,) = (+ ) (,) = using angular coordinates θ, φ ∈ [0, 2π), representing rotation around the tube and rotation around the torus's axis of revolution, respectively, where the major radius R is the distance from the center of the tube to ...
A catenoid A catenoid obtained from the rotation of a catenary. In geometry, a catenoid is a type of surface, arising by rotating a catenary curve about an axis (a surface of revolution). [1] It is a minimal surface, meaning that it occupies the least area when bounded by a closed space. [2]
Due to the combined effects of gravity and rotation, the figure of the Earth (and of all planets) is not quite a sphere, but instead is slightly flattened in the direction of its axis of rotation. For that reason, in cartography and geodesy the Earth is often approximated by an oblate spheroid, known as the reference ellipsoid , instead of a ...
Rotating a curve. The surface formed is a surface of revolution; it encloses a solid of revolution. Solids of revolution (Matemateca Ime-Usp)In geometry, a solid of revolution is a solid figure obtained by rotating a plane figure around some straight line (the axis of revolution), which may not intersect the generatrix (except at its boundary).
The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a