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Anal fistula is a chronic abnormal communication between the anal canal and the perianal skin. [1] An anal fistula can be described as a narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its external opening in the skin near the anus. [2] Anal fistulae commonly occur in people with a history of anal abscesses. They can form when ...
Anorectal abscess (also known as an anal/rectal abscess or perianal/perirectal abscess) is an abscess adjacent to the anus. [1] Most cases of perianal abscesses are sporadic, though there are certain situations which elevate the risk for developing the disease, such as diabetes mellitus , Crohn's disease , chronic corticosteroid treatment and ...
Anorectal disorders include conditions involving the anorectal junction [1] as seen in the image. They are painful but common conditions like hemorrhoids, tears, fistulas, or abscesses that affect the anal region. [2] [3] Most people experience some form of anorectal disorder during their lifetime. [4]
Signs and symptoms include a high fever, pelvic mass, vaginal bleeding or discharge, and lower abdominal pain. [1] It can lead to sepsis and death. [1] Blood tests typically show a raised white cell count. [1] Other tests generally include urine pregnancy test, blood and exudate culture, and vaginal wet mount. [1]
Goodsall's rule relates the external opening (in the perianal skin) of an anal fistula to its internal opening (in the anal canal). It states that if the perianal skin opening is posterior to the transverse anal line, the fistulous tract will open into the anal canal in the midline posteriorly, sometimes taking a curvilinear course.
Two more highly common causes of functional anorectal pain are levator ani syndrome (LAS) and proctalgia fugax.Both of these conditions are thought to be caused by muscle spasms of the either the levator ani muscle or the anal sphincter muscle respectively, and may overlap symptomatically with a third less-common condition called coccygodynia which is the result of previous trauma to the ...
Certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers or proton pump inhibitors, can exacerbate anorectal symptoms by causing diarrhea or constipation, or they can exacerbate bleeding (e.g., Coumadin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). A history of hemorrhoidectomy, fissure surgery, fistula surgery, polypectomy, or colectomy may be
A rectovestibular fistula, also referred to simply as a vestibular fistula, is an anorectal congenital disorder where an abnormal connection exists between the rectum and the vulval vestibule of the female genitalia. If the fistula occurs within the hymen, it is known as a rectovaginal fistula, a much rarer condition. [1]