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A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. [1] In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the main verb – that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed. [2]
Spanish is an example of a modern language with a mediopassive voice, normally indicated by the use of a reflexive pronoun. This can variously have a middle-voice meaning (subject acting onto itself, or for its own benefit) or a passive-voice meaning (something acts onto the subject).
The English passive voice typically involves forms of the verbs to be or to get followed by a passive participle as the subject complement—sometimes referred to as a passive verb. [ 1 ] English allows a number of additional passive constructions that are not possible in many other languages with analogous passive formations to the above.
Each entry below is an outline, an introduction to a subject structured as a hierarchical list of the essential points.Each of these outlines focuses on a science. Along with Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines, the outlines on Wikipedia form an all-encompassing outline of the knowledge of humankind.
Passive voice, a grammatical voice common in many languages, see also Pseudopassive; Passive language, a language from which an interpreter works; Passivity (behavior), the condition of submitting to the influence of one's superior; Passive-aggressive behavior, resistance to following through with expectations in interpersonal or occupational ...
Passive fluency is often brought about by being raised in one language (which becomes the person's passive language) and being schooled in another language (which becomes the person's native language). [2] [3] Such speakers are especially common in language shift communities where speakers of a declining language do not acquire active competence.
Passive–aggressive personality disorder, also called negativistic personality disorder, [1] [2] is characterized by procrastination, covert obstructionism, inefficiency, and stubbornness. The DSM-5 no longer uses this phrase or label, and it is not one of the ten listed specific personality disorders.
Passive dynamics is a valuable addition to the field of controls because it approaches the control of a system as a combination of mechanical and electrical elements. While control methods have always been based on the mechanical actions (physics) of a system, passive dynamics utilizes the discovery of morphological computation. [ 2 ]