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The National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled [1] (NLS) is a free library program of braille and audio materials such as books and magazines circulated to eligible borrowers in the United States and American citizens living abroad by postage-free mail and online download.
The National Braille Association, Inc. (NBA) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization headquartered in Rochester, New York.The association assists, educates, and certifies transcribers and narrators producing reading materials for the visually impaired, and provides braille materials to persons who are print handicapped at below cost. [1]
The Braille Challenge is an annual two-stage competition to motivate blind students to emphasize their study of braille. [16] The program parallels the importance and education purpose of a spelling bee for sighted children. In the competition, students transcribe and read braille using a Perkins Brailler. Their speed and accuracy, reading ...
Braille Transcription Centre is used to convert books required by visually impaired students into Braille. [2] The team also makes efforts to make reading more accessible to visually impaired people by collecting funds for publishing 30 braille books in Kannada due to technology and financial constraints of the members in case of audio books. [2]
Braille assignments have also been created for mathematical and musical notation. However, because the six-dot braille cell allows only 64 (2 6) patterns, including space, the characters of a braille script commonly have multiple values, depending on their context. That is, character mapping between print and braille is not one-to-one.
One consequence is that the braille transcriber does not need to know the underlying mathematics. The braille transcriber needs to identify the inkprint symbols and know how to render them in Nemeth Code braille. For example, if the same math symbol might have two different meanings, this would not matter; both instances would be brailled the same.
English Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, [1] is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters , numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations . Some English Braille letters, such as таб ch , [2] correspond to more than one letter in print.
Braille music is a braille code that allows music to be notated using braille cells so music can be read by visually impaired musicians. The system was incepted by Louis Braille. [1] Braille music uses the same six-position braille cell as literary braille. However braille music assigns its own meanings and has its own syntax and abbreviations. [1]