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Year City Venue Source Cases Deaths Fatality rate Notes 1965: Washington, D.C., United States: St. Elizabeths Hospital: Unknown: 94: 16: 17%: The outbreak occurred in 1965, but was not identified as legionnaires' disease until saved blood serum was exposed to bacterial samples from the 1976 Philadelphia Legionnaires' disease outbreak. [5]
Legionella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that can be seen using a silver stain or grown in a special media that contains cysteine, an amino acid.It is known to cause legionellosis [3] (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. [3]
The fatality rate of Legionnaires' disease has ranged from 5–30% during various outbreaks and approaches 50% for nosocomial infections, especially when treatment with antibiotics is delayed. [38] Hospital-acquired Legionella pneumonia has a fatality rate of 28%, and the principal source of infection in such cases is the drinking-water ...
Authorities in Napa County are investigating an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease that sickened 12 people, killing one of them, over the last three weeks. ... older than 50 and had risk factors ...
Roughly 2 out of 100,000 people are infected each year in the European Union (EU), with an infection rate of approximately 5 per 100,000 in Italy. [44] The highest reported amount of cases in the US, EU, and Italy have been among men over the age of 50. [44] [43] L. pneumophila often infects individuals through poor quality water sources.
Pontiac fever is known to have a short incubation period of 1 to 3 days. No fatalities have been reported and cases resolve spontaneously without treatment. [8] It is often not reported. [9] Age, gender, and smoking do not seem to be risk factors. Pontiac fever seems to affect young people in the age medians of 29 to 32.
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