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Grignard reagents add to propylene oxide to give secondary alcohols. Some other reactions of propylene oxide include: [14] Reaction with aluminium oxide at 250–260 °C leads to propionaldehyde and a little acetone. Reaction with silver(I) oxide leads to acetic acid. Reaction with sodium–mercury amalgam and water leads to isopropanol.
The lighter analogue of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, is produced by silver-catalyzed reaction of ethylene with oxygen. Attempts to implement this relatively simple technology to the conversion of propylene to propylene oxide fail. Instead only combustion predominates. The problems are attributed to the sensitivity of allylic C-H bonds.
Industrially, tert-butyl hydroperoxide is used to prepare propylene oxide. In the Halcon process, molybdenum-based catalysts are used for this reaction: (CH 3) 3 COOH + CH 2 =CHCH 3 → (CH 3) 3 COH + CH 2 OCHCH 3. The byproduct t-butanol can be dehydrated to isobutene and converted to MTBE.
The common mechanism is a free radical chain reaction, where the addition of oxygen gives rise to hydroperoxides and their associated peroxy radicals (ROO•). [5] Typically, an induction period is seen at the start where there is little activity; this is followed by a gradually accelerating take-up of oxygen, giving an autocatalytic reaction ...
Starting with propylene chlorohydrin, most of the world's supply of propylene oxide arises via this route. [3] An intramolecular epoxide formation reaction is one of the key steps in the Darzens reaction. In the Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction epoxides are generated from carbonyl groups and sulfonium ylides. In this reaction, a sulfonium ...
Simplified temperature/pressure phase change diagram for water. The pressure on a pressure-temperature diagram (such as the water phase diagram shown above) is the partial pressure of the substance in question.
During the reduction half-cycle of the stochiometric cycle, the metal oxide is reduced and forms a new metal oxide with different oxidation states (Fe 3 O 4 → 3FeO + 1/2 O 2); a non-stochiometric cycle's reduction of the metal oxide will produce vacancies, often oxygen vacancies, but the crystal structure remains stable and only a portion of ...
propylene: allylic oxidation: Mo-oxides (heterogeneous) acrylic acid: plastic precursor propylene, ammonia: SOHIO process: Bi-Mo-oxides (heterogeneous) acrylonitrile: plastic precursor methanol: Formox process: Fe-Mo-oxides (heterogeneous) formaldehyde: basic chemicals, alkyd resins butane: Maleic anhydride process: vanadium phosphates ...