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A power-on self-test (POST) is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on. [ 1 ] POST processes may set the initial state of the device from firmware and detect if any hardware components are non-functional.
#PS_ON pin is marked by number 16. PS-ON Signal is a pin on a 20-pin or 24-pin ATX-specified power connector used to turn a personal computer power supply unit on/off. The PS_ON pin is normally pulled high in an open-circuit, but will turn on the power supply when it is pulled low, by shorting it to the common signal (COM).
The ATX specification requires that the power-good signal ("PWR_OK") go high no sooner than 100 ms after the power rails have stabilized, and remain high for 16 ms after loss of AC power, and fall (to less than 0.4 V) at least 1 ms before the power rails fall out of specification (to 95% of their nominal value).
A voltage regulator module (VRM), sometimes called processor power module (PPM), is a buck converter that provides the microprocessor and chipset the appropriate supply voltage, converting +3.3 V, +5 V or +12 V to lower voltages required by the devices, allowing devices with different supply voltages be mounted on the same motherboard.
Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards. As of 2007 [update] , some graphics cards (e.g. GeForce 8 and Radeon R600 ) require more power than the motherboard can provide, and thus dedicated connectors have been introduced to attach ...
The desktop computer power supply converts the alternating current (AC) from a wall socket of mains electricity to a low-voltage direct current (DC) to operate the motherboard, processor and peripheral devices. Several direct-current voltages are required, and they must be regulated with some accuracy to provide stable operation of the computer.
This is in contrast to package decay-induced soft errors, which do not change with location. [5] As chip density increases, Intel expects the errors caused by cosmic rays to increase and become a limiting factor in design. [4] The average rate of cosmic-ray soft errors is inversely proportional to sunspot activity.
Likewise, Linux distributions include a variety of power management settings and tools. [5] There is a significant market in third-party PC power management software offering features beyond those present in the Windows operating system. [6] [7] [8] Notable vendors Data Synergy's 'PowerMAN', [9] Faronics' 'Power Save', [10] [11] and Verdiem's ...