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The Linux booting process involves multiple stages and is in many ways similar to the BSD and other Unix -style boot processes, from which it derives. Although the Linux booting process depends very much on the computer architecture, those architectures share similar stages and software components, [1] including system startup, bootloader ...
GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project.GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a user the choice to boot one of multiple operating systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular ...
systemd. systemd is a software suite that provides an array of system components for Linux [7] operating systems. The main aim is to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions. [8] Its primary component is a "system and service manager" — an init system used to bootstrap user space and manage user processes.
Dracut is a set of tools that provide enhanced functionality for automating the Linux boot process. The tool named dracut is used to create a Linux boot image ( initramfs ) by copying tools and files from an installed system and combining it with the Dracut framework, which is usually found in /usr/lib/dracut/modules.d .
A boot sector is the sector of a persistent data storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, optical disc, etc.) which contains machine code to be loaded into random-access memory (RAM) and then executed by a computer system 's built-in firmware (e.g., the BIOS). Usually, the first sector of the hard disk is the boot sector, regardless of ...
Initial ramdisk. In Linux systems, initrd (initial ramdisk) is a scheme for loading a temporary root file system into memory, to be used as part of the Linux startup process. initrd and initramfs (from INITial RAM File System) refer to two different methods of achieving this. Both are commonly used to make preparations before the real root file ...
This disallows a root user to load arbitrary code via kexec and execute it, complementing the UEFI secure boot and in-kernel security mechanisms for ensuring that only signed Linux kernel modules can be inserted into the running kernel. [4] [5] [6] Kexec is used by LinuxBoot to boot the main kernel from the Linux kernel located in the firmware.
Various I/O protocols can be used, SPI being the most common. Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI, / ˈjuːɪfaɪ / or as an acronym) [c] is a specification that defines an architecture for the platform firmware used for booting a computer's hardware and its interface for interaction with the operating system.