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Byblos was crowned as the "Arab Tour Capital" for the year 2016 by the Lebanese minister of tourism in the Grand Serail in Beirut. Byblos was chosen by Condé Nast Traveler as the second best city in the Middle East for 2012, beating Tel Aviv and Dubai, [55] and by the World Tourism Organization as the best Arab tourist city for 2013. [56]
The English word "papyrus" derives, via Latin, from Greek πάπυρος (papyros), [17] a loanword of unknown (perhaps Pre-Greek) origin. [18] Greek has a second word for it, βύβλος ( byblos ), [ 19 ] said to derive from the name of the Phoenician city of Byblos .
In fact one of the earliest Egyptian words for a seagoing ship is a "Byblos Ship", which originally defined a class of Egyptian seagoing ships used on the Byblos run; however, by the end of the Old Kingdom, the term had come to include large seagoing ships, whatever their destination. [183]
The origin of the Runic alphabet is disputed: the main theories are that it evolved either from the Latin alphabet itself, some early Old Italic alphabet via the Alpine scripts, or the Greek alphabet. Despite this debate, the Runic alphabet is clearly derived from one or more scripts that ultimately trace their roots back to the Phoenician ...
The city-states during this time were Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, Aradus, Beirut, and Tripoli. [30] Sarcophagus of Eshmunazor II, Phoenician king of Sidon (5th century BC), bearing notable Egyptian influence. Byblos and Sidon were the earliest powers, though the relative prominence of Phoenician city states would ebb and flow throughout the millennium.
The Byblos script, also known as the Byblos syllabary, Pseudo-hieroglyphic script, Proto-Byblian, Proto-Byblic, or Byblic, is an undeciphered writing system, known from ten inscriptions found in Byblos, a coastal city in Lebanon. The inscriptions are engraved on bronze plates and spatulas, and carved in stone.
The highly defensible archeological tell of Byblos is flanked by two harbors that were used for sea trade. [37] The royal necropolis of Byblos is a semicircular burial ground located on the promontory summit, on a spur overlooking both seaports of the city, within the walls of ancient Byblos. [38] [39]
Byblos was the leading city; it was a center for bronze-making and the primary terminus of trade routes for precious goods such as tin and lapis lazuli from as far east as Afghanistan. Sidon and Tyre also commanded the interest of Egyptian governmental officials, [ 49 ] beginning a pattern of commercial rivalry that would span the next millennium.