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  2. Renal compensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_compensation

    Renal compensation is a mechanism by which the kidneys can regulate the plasma pH. It is slower than respiratory compensation , but has a greater ability to restore normal values. Kidneys maintain the acid-base balance through two mechanisms: (1) the secretion of H + ions into the urine (from the blood) and (2) the reabsorption of bicarbonate ...

  3. Metabolic acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_acidosis

    Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid-base balance. ... Kidney compensation; Buffer

  4. Respiratory compensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_compensation

    Hyperventilation due to the compensation for metabolic acidosis persists for 24 to 48 hours after correction of the acidosis, and can lead to respiratory alkalosis. [3] This compensation process can occur within minutes. [4] In metabolic alkalosis, chemoreceptors sense a deranged acid-base balance with a plasma pH of greater than normal (>7.4 ...

  5. Base excess - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_excess

    metabolic acidosis, or respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation if too low (less than −2 mEq/L) Blood pH is determined by both a metabolic component, measured by base excess, and a respiratory component, measured by PaCO 2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide). Often a disturbance in one triggers a partial compensation in the other.

  6. Winters's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winters's_formula

    It is slower than the initial bicarbonate buffer system in the blood, but faster than renal compensation. Respiratory compensation usually begins within minutes to hours, but alone will not completely return arterial pH to a normal value (7.4). Winter's Formula quantifies the amount of respiratory compensation during metabolic acidosis. [8 ...

  7. Metabolic alkalosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_alkalosis

    Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate ( HCO − 3 ), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations.

  8. Kussmaul breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kussmaul_breathing

    Kussmaul breathing is respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis, most commonly occurring in diabetics in diabetic ketoacidosis.Blood gases of a patient with Kussmaul breathing will show a low partial pressure of CO 2 in conjunction with low bicarbonate because of a forced increased respiration (blowing off the carbon dioxide).

  9. Acidosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosis

    One key to distinguish between respiratory and metabolic acidosis is that in respiratory acidosis, the CO 2 is increased while the bicarbonate is either normal (uncompensated) or increased (compensated). Compensation occurs if respiratory acidosis is present, and a chronic phase is entered with partial buffering of the acidosis through renal ...