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Cobalt is essential to the metabolism of all animals. It is a key constituent of cobalamin, also known as vitamin B 12, the primary biological reservoir of cobalt as an ultratrace element. [1] [2] Bacteria in the stomachs of ruminant animals convert cobalt salts into vitamin B 12, a compound which can only be produced by bacteria or archaea.
Cobalt poisoning is intoxication caused by excessive levels of cobalt in the body. Cobalt is an essential element for health in animals in minute amounts as a component of vitamin B 12. A deficiency of cobalt, which is very rare, is also potentially lethal, leading to pernicious anemia. [1]
Vitamin B 12 is a coordination complex of cobalt, which occupies the center of a corrin ligand and is further bound to a benzimidazole ligand and adenosyl group. [18] Several related species are known and these behave similarly, in particular, all function as vitamins.
Parts-per-million cube of relative abundance by mass of elements in an average adult human body down to 1 ppm. About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium ...
The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. [2] The remaining minerals are called "trace elements". The generally accepted trace elements are iron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, selenium, [5] and bromine; [6] there is some evidence that there may be more.
Trace metals within the human body include iron, lithium, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum, manganese and others. [1] [2] [3] Some of the trace metals are needed by living organisms to function properly and are depleted through the expenditure of energy by various metabolic processes of living organisms.
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Co 2+ - cobalt ions are present in the human body in amounts from 1 to 2 mg. [4] Cobalt is observed in the heart, liver, kidney, and spleen, and considerably smaller quantities in the pancreas, brain, and serum. [4] [5] Cobalt is a necessary component of vitamin B 12 and a fundamental coenzyme of cell mitosis. [5]